Latent variables are unobservable variables that are used to explain patterns of relationships among observed variables. In the field of research, latent variables are often used in statistical modeling to represent underlying constructs or concepts that cannot be directly measured or observed. These variables are inferred from observable data and are used to help uncover hidden relationships and patterns in the data. Latent variables are commonly used in fields such as psychology, sociology, and economics to study complex systems and phenomena. By utilizing latent variables, researchers are able to better understand the underlying mechanisms driving observed relationships and make more accurate predictions or inferences.